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- <text id=89TT0729>
- <title>
- Mar. 13, 1989: The Latest Word On What To Eat
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Mar. 13, 1989 Between Two Worlds:Middle-Class Blacks
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- HEALTH, Page 51
- The Latest Word on What to Eat
- </hdr><body>
- <p>A new report calls for less fat, more starch and no vitamin
- pills
- </p>
- <p> Many Americans believe firmly in the notion of better health
- through better eating. What bothers them is the specifics: Just
- how much of what foods, for example, are they supposed to be
- consuming? Last week, in a massive new report by the National
- Research Council, the public received the best answer yet. The
- 1,300-page document, titled Diet and Health: Implications for
- Reducing Chronic Disease Risk, sets forth the most comprehensive
- and detailed set of dietary guidelines ever.
- </p>
- <p> By following its recommendations, says the report, the
- American people could cut by at least 20% the risk of
- developing coronary heart disease, the top killer in the U.S.
- They could also "substantially" reduce the threat of a host of
- other ailments, including cancer, stroke, high blood pressure,
- obesity, osteoporosis and liver disease. Just how to do this is
- described in the guidelines, which were prepared by a 19-member
- panel after a review of more than 5,000 studies. The NRC group
- not only crystallizes the broad dietary goals laid down by
- earlier reports but also extends them to children.
- </p>
- <p> Among the recommendations:
- </p>
- <p> Limit fats to 30% of daily calories, with saturated fats
- making up less than 10% of the intake. Keep cholesterol
- consumption below 300 mg daily. Diets should emphasize fish,
- skinless poultry, lean meats and low- or non-fat dairy
- products, and cut back on fried and other fatty foods such as
- pastries, spreads and dressings. To reduce cholesterol, limit
- consumption of egg yolks, certain shellfish and organ meats.
- </p>
- <p> Make carbohydrates account for at least 55% of daily
- calories, rather than the present average of 45%. Eat five or
- more servings daily of vegetables, preferably the green or
- yellow kind, and fruits, particularly citrus. In addition, eat
- six or more daily servings of starches, like rice and potatoes,
- and other complex carbohydrates, including pasta, whole-grain
- breads and cereals, and legumes. These are generally low in
- fats and rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber. Five or six
- servings may seem a lot, but a single serving is just half a cup
- of vegetables, a medium-size piece of fruit or a slice of
- bread. Observes the University of Toronto's Dr. Anthony Miller,
- who helped draft the report: "If you eat a mixed salad and have
- fruit for dessert, your meal might contain three servings."
- </p>
- <p> Eat only moderate amounts of protein. Americans should meet
- the Recommended Daily Allowance -- 0.8 g per kg of ideal body
- weight for adults -- but not exceed twice that level. Since an
- ounce of lean ground beef has about 8 g of protein, a 120-lb.
- woman fulfills her entire protein requirement with a 5.6-oz.
- hamburger, and a 180-lb. man with an 8.4-oz. patty.
- </p>
- <p> This is one of the report's surprises; many people have long
- believed the more protein the better. In fact, some popular
- weight-loss schemes have been based on high-protein intake. But
- the panel notes that diets rich in animal protein have no known
- benefits and may increase the risk of colon or breast cancer.
- Whether protein is the villain is not clear, however, since
- meats are typically loaded with fat.
- </p>
- <p> The panel vehemently condemned the use of dietary
- supplements. Some 40% to 60% of Americans routinely swallow
- vitamins, mineral tablets, protein powders and the like. Yet
- most people do not need more than the RDAs for vitamins and
- minerals, and they get that easily through a varied diet.
- Megadoses have no benefits and can be toxic.
- </p>
- <p> Similarly, the report says, there is no convincing evidence
- that calcium supplements help prevent osteoporosis, a crippling
- bone disease prevalent in older women. The calcium RDA is 800
- mg; women now consume about three-quarters of that amount. They
- could make up the shortfall by drinking a 5-oz. glass of
- low-fat milk each day.
- </p>
- <p> Fish-oil capsules got a thumbs down too. Eating marine fish
- one or more times a week is thought to help lower cholesterol,
- but proof that concentrated fish oil has the same result is
- lacking, and there is no information on its long-term effects.
- Nor are fiber supplements warranted as a hedge against cancer of
- the stomach, large intestine and lungs. Though the panel
- endorses eating more high-fiber foods, no one knows if the
- beneficial effects result from the fiber itself.
- </p>
- <p> As for alcohol, the report advises those who drink to limit
- intake to less than 1 oz. daily, the equivalent of two cans of
- beer or two small glasses of wine. Though some researchers
- believe moderate drinking may have a protective effect against
- heart disease, the report finds that the risks of alcohol far
- outweigh any benefits. Women who are pregnant or trying to
- conceive should avoid alcohol. The panel also urged the public
- to limit salt consumption to 6 g -- about a teaspoon -- or less a
- day.
- </p>
- <p> How difficult will it be for the U.S. to meet these goals?
- Americans are now on target for protein. But they still need to
- raise carbohydrates and lower total fats and saturated fats,
- salt and alcohol. Men now consume 45% more cholesterol than
- recommended.
- </p>
- <p> The report stresses that the new guidelines are realistic
- and feasible, requiring adjustments but no real deprivations.
- Americans may still safely eat meat, provided it is "lean meat
- in smaller and fewer portions than is customary." Says Dr.
- DeWitt Goodman, a member of the panel from Columbia University:
- "The recommendations are compatible with gourmet, delicious
- eating." Some Americans may dispute that, but they will have to
- decide which is more important -- good taste or good health.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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